Portraits of Iranian military generals and nuclear scientists, killed in Israel's June 13 attack are displayed above a road, as a plume of heavy smoke and fire rise from an oil refinery in southern Tehran, after it was hit in an overnight Israeli strike, on June 15, 2025.

La guerra entre Israel e Irán alimenta la incertidumbre para las economías y los flujos energéticos de Oriente Medio.

Subscribe for less than $9/month to access this story and all Al-Monitor reporting.

OR

Create an account for a 7-day trial to access this article and all of AL-Monitor.

By entering your email, you agree to receive ALM's daily newsletter and occasional marketing messages.

Why AL-Monitor?

AL-Monitor is an award-winning media outlet covering the Middle East, valued for its independence, diversity and analysis. It is read widely by US, international and Middle East decision makers at the highest levels, as well as by media, thought and business leaders and academia.

Read by

White House logo European Union logo United Nations logo NATO logo Foreign & Commonwealth Office logo World Bank logo Harvard University logo Council for Foreign Relations logo
message icon

Live news & notifications

Follow over 100 expert journalists based across the region and get notified in real time of breaking stories and exclusives. *Expanded coverage on Energy & Defense sectors.
message icon

Premier analysis of the Middle East

Access the sharpest and most diverse regional minds giving you all the angles on regional trends.
message icon

Live events & video

Priority access to roundtables, summits and other events alongside ALM's global community of regional influencers.
message icon

Specialized Newsletters

Get timely reporting on key countries and sectors with up to 10 daily and weekly newsletters straight to your inbox.
message icon

Big, exclusive interviews

Follow conversations with the region's biggest names in politics and business.
message icon

ALM archives since 2012

Access a repository of over a decade's worth of regional coverage, insights and trends.
Portraits of Iranian military generals and nuclear scientists, killed in Israel's June 13 attack are displayed above a road, as a plume of heavy smoke and fire rise from an oil refinery in southern Tehran, after it was hit in an overnight Israeli strike, on June 15, 2025.

Subscribe for unlimited access

By becoming an Al-Monitor subscriber, you drive our team’s rigorous and independent journalism spanning the Middle East.