Abandoning neutral diplomacy, China seems to be edging toward a more proactive role in the Middle East, stepping up trade links with the region. The shift has prompted the United States and others to boost efforts to counter the influence of Beijing.

Recently, a virtual conference took place between UAE President Mohammed Bin Zayed and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, joined online by Israeli Prime Minister Yair Lapid and visiting US President Joe Biden from Jerusalem.

The four held a dialogue to launch I2U2, a new quadrilateral arrangement to rival China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). I2U2 aims to boost business between the four countries and the official statement released after the conference noted their intention to “modernize infrastructure.” 

Just days later Adani Ports, the largest port developer and operator in India, acquired the lease of Tel Aviv’s Haifa Port, the second-largest port in Israel, until the year 2054 along with a local partner. Planning to boost trade lanes with its holdings in Indian ports, this joint venture could help connect Europe and the Middle East as Haifa is well located to serve as a regional hub.