Israel's 2005 Gaza disengagement: A turning point for Israel’s right
For the Israeli right, the 2005 Gaza disengagement became an ideological and a strategic turning point, which will make it difficult for any Israeli leader to champion a similar move in the West Bank.
It was a hot, humid August in 2005, when an event that would prove integral to Israel’s future demonstrated to politicians, statesmen, military brass and run-of-the mill Israelis how painful and difficult it is to separate from the Palestinians when it comes to evacuating Israeli settlements. That month the government evacuated the 21 Gush Katif settlements in its unilateral disengagement from Gaza (along with four settlements in the northern West Bank). The images are still etched in the collective Israeli memory, among them scenes of angry protesters in orange shirts brandishing placards blaring, “Jews don’t evacuate Jews!” There was crying, screaming and then the suddenly silent rubble and ruins of private homes, public buildings and synagogues.
Just a few months after the disengagement, in January 2006, Hamas won the elections for the Palestinian Legislative Council. Then, five months on, in June, an Israeli soldier, Gilad Shalit, was abducted near the Gaza border. About a year later, Hamas launched military action to seize full control of the government. Since then, Israel has been trapped in an endless cycle of violence and missile fire into its territory from Gaza. Despite speculation by some observers, the engagement did not turn Gaza into another Singapore or a new Dubai.
The disengagement lives on as a vibrant symbol in the Israeli public’s awareness but also in its political discourse. It is mentioned almost every time someone fires a missile or releases an incendiary kite from Gaza. When politicians speak about continuing to control the Palestinian population of the West Bank, they borrow examples and images from the disengagement. Large segments of the Israeli public now feel that the disengagement was a mistake and that Israel is paying dearly for it. This leads to the inevitable question: Will the disengagement from Gaza dictate future Israeli policy regarding the possibility of disengagement from the Palestinians in the West Bank?
Mordechai Beter is director of the Katif Center: Gush Katif and Northern Samaria Commemoration Center, founded in 2008 in southern Israel after the Knesset passed a law for the establishment of a research institute focusing on the evacuated settlements. The center includes an archive with thousands of artifacts pertaining to the history of Gush Katif and the disengagement.
